The experimental medicine approach involves: identifying an intervention target, developing measures to permit verification of the target, engaging the target through experimentation or intervention, and testing the degree to which target engagement produces the desired behavior change. The SOBC program aims to implement a mechanisms-focused, experimental medicine approach to behavior change research and to develop the tools required to implement such an approach. By integrating work across disciplines, this effort will lead to an improved understanding of the underlying principles of behavior change. The Science of Behavior Change (SOBC) program seeks to promote basic research on the initiation, personalization and maintenance of behavior change. (For proprietary reasons we are unable to upload the Digit Span Backwards scale.) The total raw score for backwards digit span is the sum of the item scores maximum backwards digit span total raw score is 16 points. The item score is the sum of the scores on the two trials for that item (range=0-2). For each trial, 1 point is scored for a correct response or 0 points for an incorrect response or no response. Both trials of each item are administered, even if the child gets Trial 1 correct. On each question the child repeats the numbers in reverse order of that presented aloud by the examiner (e.g., If the examiner says "5-6", the correct response would be “6-5” If the examiner says "5–1–7–4–2–3–8", the correct response would be "8-3-2-4-7-1-5"). For the purposes of our study, we used backwards only for a total of two trials of eight questions, or 16 total questions. The task consists of two items, forwards and backwards, and each item is composed of two trials of eight questions each. It assesses children’s ability to hold information in short-term memory and manipulate that information to produce some result. The Digit Span Task (Backwards-Only Child Version) measures working memory.
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